Data sources

Last updated November 3, 2026

Home & Bills uses free, official data. These are the main sources behind our pages:

U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA): Form EIA-861 annual electric utility data (bills, rates, usage, reliability, smart meters, net metering) and natural gas prices. eia.gov
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS): Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics for local labor rates of trades and home services. bls.gov
U.S. Census Bureau: American Community Survey for rent, home values and property tax. census.gov
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD): Fair Market Rents. huduser.gov
Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA): Regional Price Parities for overall price levels. bea.gov
ENERGY STAR: product energy-use data for appliances. energystar.gov
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and NOAA: solar output and climate data.
FEMA: National Risk Index for flood, storm and wildfire risk.
State public utility commissions: rate increase filings and orders.

Each page names the specific source and data year it uses. See our methodology for how we calculate the figures.